In this brief teaser video, Chris Jennings describes how HIV/AIDS migrated from New York City to Copenhagen, Denmark in 1980. The first step in the spread of HIV/AIDS from the United States, the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, throughout the world.
This brief video is an excerpt from Chris Jennings full lecture: New York City – The Epicenter of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, which summarizes the first portion of Chris Jennings seminal book, HIV/AIDS – The Facts and The Fiction. The full lecture, New York City – The Epicenter of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, will be broadcast as a Facebook Premier Event on November 3, 2020. Sign up for the Event here.
Date: November 3, 2020
Time: 1 PM EST (18:00 GMT)
Web Link: To Be Announced
Click Here to Join the Facebook Event
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In this brief teaser video, Chris Jennings describes how Bermuda and Bahamas had the highest HIV/AIDS rate in the world at the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Also, notably, HIV/AIDS was absent from Cuba because no Americans were allowed to enter Cuba.
This brief video is an excerpt from Chris Jennings full lecture: New York City – The Epicenter of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, which summarizes the first portion of Chris Jennings seminal book, HIV/AIDS – The Facts and The Fiction. The full lecture, New York City – The Epicenter of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, will be broadcast as a Facebook Premier Event on November 3, 2020. Sign up for the Event here.
Date: November 3, 2020
Time: 1 PM EST (18:00 GMT)
Web Link: To Be Announced
Click Here to Join the Facebook Event
Click Here to Subscribe to our Newsletter for Updates
HIV/AIDS Migrates from New York City to Johannesburg
The first Africans diagnosed with AIDS were two white gay men who lived in the Johannesburg, South Africa [1].
“During 1981, large numbers of cases of two hitherto uncommon diseases, Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, occurred among male homosexuals in the USA. We report 2 cases in South African male homosexuals, both of whom had visited the USA before the development of their disease [1]. ”
They were two gay white men; both air stewards who flew the Johannesburg to New York City route. The first man had traveled regularly to the USA in his work, and had lived in New York City for 5 years. He presented in early 1982. The second patient was a sexual partner of the first man, and had visited the USA 3 to 4 months prior to the onset of illness [1, 2]. Continue reading
The U.S. HIV/AIDS Travel Ban Shocked the World
The HIV/AIDS Travel Ban forbidding foreigners with HIV from entering the United States became effective in June 1987. The HIV/AIDS Travel Ban was a consequence of an action by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This agency added AIDS to the list of dangerous contagious diseases. Thereby, immediately, any foreigner with AIDS was “ineligible to receive a visa and therefore are excluded from admission into the United States [1].” This action shocked aware and concerned peoples worldwide.
Eventually, the U.S. HIV/AIDS Travel Ban was rescinded in 2010 [1].
The U.S. HIV/AIDS Travel Ban was Not the First
Liberia and Saudi Arabia both had travel bans by 1986, a year before the US travel was enacted.
Both Liberia (West Africa) and Saudi Arabia had travel bans restricting U.S. citizens from entering these countries without providing certification of an AIDS-free status [2]. Continue reading
“AIDS is from America”
Paris. Circa 1986. I was sitting in a hotel lobby, talking with some European and African people about AIDS. The Africans said everyone in Africa thinks AIDS comes from Europe. The Europeans said people in Europe think AIDS is from America. I said that most Americans think AIDS comes from Africa. Everyone laughed.
The opinion of the Europeans and Africans was supported by much of the medical literature before 1985. Essentially, before the African monkey narrative took hold, the United States was recognized as the epicenter of the AIDS epidemic. The perspective that AIDS is from America was portrayed throughout the medical literature of the time. Continue reading
Phylogenetic Study claims HIV Migrated from Africa through Haiti to USA
As mentioned in the previous post [1], the Patient Zero meme instigated by the findings of Worobey et al cascaded through the general, medical, and scientific media alike. Trends in Microbiology published an editorial praising the work of Worobey et al for dispelling the Patient Zero myth, and also highlighting Worobey’s conclusion that HIV migrated to the USA from Africa via Haiti [2, 3].
The editorial supported the Africa-Haiti origin concept by listing three “plausible scenarios” for the migration of HIV from the Caribbean (i.e., Haiti) to the USA HIV transmission from Haiti to the USA [2]:
(1) Caribbean immigrants;
(2) American sex tourists; and
(3) contaminated commercial blood products.
In our view, these “plausible scenarios” should be treated more cautiously and the possibility that HIV migrated from the USA to Haiti should be treated more seriously. Haiti got all the press, but 5 years into the AIDS epidemic (1986), Bermuda that had the highest AIDS rate in the world, as seen in Table 1. Continue reading
Patient Zero did not introduce HIV into the United States!
Not too long ago, this story was a meme cascading through the media. All emanating from a phylogenetic analysis published in Nature, 1970s and ‘Patient 0’ HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America [1].
The authors of this phylogenetic analysis (Worobey et al) also concluded that HIV migrated to the USA from Africa via Haiti. However, extensive epidemiological evidence suggests the Africa-Haiti-USA historical narrative is just as incorrect as the narrative regarding Patient Zero.
Stuart Derbyshire and I wrote a Letter to the Editors of Nature in response to conclusions of Worobey et al. At the kind invitation of the Editors, our response is posted on the Nature website. (Update: Our comment is now available only to paid subscribers of Nature). Given the allowance of 300 words and 3 references, the response cites a limited portion of available epidemiological data refuting this concept. Alternately, the response containing the full complement of 13 references is posted below.
As principal investigator at the Harvard School of Public Health, Max Essex, was recently awarded $20 million to study HIV prevention in Botswana – a meager reward for the man who played a pivotal role in creating the current conceptual model of the HIV / AIDS epidemic, compared to the billions distributed annually [1].
Essex’s erroneous research spawned the theory that HIV originated in African monkeys. This misconception is critical because the concept is a pillar for the fallacy that HIV / AIDS is endemic in Africa. Continue reading
THE MONKEYS ARE INNOCENT!!! Chris Jennings describes how laboratory contamination started the theory that HIV came from African monkeys. It all started at the Harvard School of Public Health . . .